Atom 2 Ans

16 wvq mSvk jdhqjla ;=,ska úoHq;a úNjhla hejq úg wefkdavfha isg lef;davh foig .uka lrk lsrK = fudkjdo@

wefkdav lsrK

17 pqïnl iDK w.%hla we,a,Q úg thg l=ula isÿfúo@ ta wehs@

.uka ud¾.h fjkia jSu $wm.ukh jSu $W;al%ukh jSu

Ok wdfrdams; jSu ksid

18 tu lsrK ks¾udKh jS we;af;a ljrlska o@ th fidhd .;af;a ljq o@

jdhq mrudKq whkSlrKfhka ieoqKq Ok whk j,ska

f.da,avsiagska

19 ieye,a,q u Ok wxY=j ,efnkafka ljr jdhqjla k,h ;=, mj;sk jsg o@ fu wxY=j y|qkajk  ku ,shkak

yhsv%cka

fm%dafgdakh

20 fm%dafgdak kfha wdfrdamKh fidhd .;af;a ljq o@ tu w.h lsh o@

us,slka

1.602 · 10^-9C/ l+f,daus

21  tlu uQ, o%jHfha  kHIags  i¾jiu fkdjk wjia:d we;sjkafka l=ula ksid o@

fm%dafgdak ixLHd tlu jqjo kshqfg%dak ixLHd fjkia jSu ksid

22 tajd y|qkajk ku l=ula o@

iuia:dksl $kshqla,hsv

23 tjekas mrudKq j, iudk w.hla .kafka fudkjd o@

ialkaO l%udxlh      ---- wiudk fjs

mrudKq l l%udxlh  ---- iudk fjs

fm%dAfgdak ixLHdj     ---- iudk fjs

24 my; oelafjk iuia:dksl j, $kshqla,hsvj, ialkaO l%udxlh mrudKq l l%udxlh fm%dAfgdak l%udxlh hk w.hhka ,shd olajkak

yhsv%cka   ---    H¹₁

vshqgsrshus  ----  D ²₁

gs%gshus      ---- - T ³₁

25 iuyr kshqla,hsv  ia:dhS jk w;r iuyr tajd wia:dhS fjhss lD;su f,i idok   kshqla,hsv o we;

26 ldnka j, mj;sk wia:dhS kshqla,hsvhla   ,shkak

C ¹⁴₆

27 kHIagshl fm%dafgdak yd kshqfg%dak y\qkajk ku l=ula o@tys mj;sk fjk;a  wxY= fudkjd o@

kshqla,sfhdak

fmdisfg%dak

usfidak

28 b;d l=vd wjldYhla ;=, ia:dhS f,i Ok wdfrdamK rdYsN+;jS  mj;S ta l=ula ksid o@

fm%dafgdak yd kshqfg%dak w;r wdfrdams;  wxY= yqjudre  jSfuka we;s jk wdl¾IKh ksid

29 yqjudre jk wxY= y|qkajk ku ,shkak

   usfidak $ *hs - usfidak

30  kshqfg%dakhla fm%dafg%dakhla  jSu  kshqfg%dakhla fm%dafgdak hla jSu ksrka;rfhka  isoq fjhs tysoS yqjudre jk wxY= fudkjd o@

kshqfg%dakhla fm%dafg%dakhla  jSu ---  Ok usfidak

kshqfg%dakhla fm%dafgdak hla jSu ----iDK usfidak

31 kshqla,sfhdak  tlajS kHIagshla  idok jsg Yla;sh ksoyia fjhs ta wkqj fm%dafgdak yd kshqfg%dak w;r ne|Sfus m%n,;dj fidhd .; yelsh n|k Yla;sh hkafkka  th m%ldY lrhs

tu w.h Wmrsu kus   $ 8.8 MeV tu kHIags ia:dhS fjhs’ ke;fyd;a kshqlaa,hsvh ia:dhS fjhs

wia:dhs kHIagshla y|qkd.; yelafla flfia o@

ialkaO l%udxlh by<h

fm%dafgdak .Kk brgsfgs ixLHjla fkd;snSu $T;af;a ixLHdjla ;snsu

jslsrK ksl=;a lrhs

32 tys wruqK l=ula o@

ialkaO l%udxlh wvqlr f.k ia:dhs mrdihg f.k tau

fm%dafgdak .Kk kshqfg%dak .Kkg iudk lsrsu

ia:dhS kHIagshla idod .ekSu

33 tysoS ksl=;a lrk jslsrK fudkjdo@

α lsrK β lsrK  γ  lsrK

34 jevsu fjs.hla $wdf,dalfha fjs.h we;af;a ljr  lsrKhlgo@

γ  lsrK

35 jsksjso hdfus n,h Wmrsu jkafka ljrl o@

γ  lsrK

36 0.2 cm  we¿uskshus m;%hlska je,elajsh yelafla l=ula o@ lvodishlska  je<elajsh yelafla ljrla o@

α lsrK    β lsrK 

α lsrK

37 jdhqjla ;=,ska .uka lsrSfus oS .uka ud¾.fha  we;s jdhq wKq whkSlrKhg jevs yelshdjla mj;skafka l=ulg o@

α lsrK

38 jdhqjla ;=,ska .uka lsrSfus oS .uka ud¾.fha  we;s jdhq wKq whkSlrK  wju s yelshdjla mj;skafka l=ulg o@

γ  lsrK

39 jdhqjla ;=,ska .uka lsrSfus oS .uka ud¾.fha  ir, f¾LSh jSug kus tu wxY=j ialkaOh jevs fukaj tajd jevs m%fjs.hlska hq;a wxY= jsh hq;=h tu .=K imqrd,k  wxY=j l=ula o@

α lsrK

40 ialkaOhla rys; jk ir, f¾Lsh .uka ud¾.hla iys; lsrK jkafka ljrla o@

γ  lsrK

40 yS,shus kHIagshg iudk;ajhla olajkafla l=ula o@tfia mejisug fya;=j ,shkak

α lsrK

Ok tall 2  ialkaO l%udxlh 4 la jQ kHIagshla mej;su

41 pqusnl  lafIa;%hla  u.ska  .uka ud¾.h fjkia l, yels jkafka l=ul o@ ta l=ula ksid o@

α lsrK    β lsrK 

wdfrdamK ork ksid

42 jslsrKYS,;dj fidhd .;af;a ljqrekao@

fykars fnlr,a

43 jsslsrKYS,S uQ,o%jH  fidhd .;af;a ljqrekao@

udrs lshqrs

44 jslsrKYS,;dj f,i y|qkajkafka l=ula o@

wia:dhS kHIags ia:dhs jsu i|yd jslsrK ksl=;a lsrSu

Atom ans

kshus; jsIhh tall fldgi lshjSfuka wk;=rej wod, chemistque.blogspot.com  m%Yak j,g ms<s;=re imhkak'

iuyr jsIhh tall fldgia  ms<sn| oekqu icSjSlrK iu. animescience.webatu.com fj;ska ,nd  .ekSug W;aidy lrkak 

Tnf.a ms<s;=re iemhSu wjYH m%Yak m;%h i|yd fj; chemistans.blogspot.com  msjsfikak'                                                                            fuh Tng iajhx we.hsula jkafkah' ms<s;=re fuysoSS mrSlaId lrkak

ksrka;rfhka isoq lrk iajhx we.hSu  Wiia fm< jsNd. j,g id¾:l f,i uqyqK oSug w;aje,la jkq we;'

mrudKqj  -  1

1 f,dau froaola fhdod  .ksuska t,a,d we;s tnkhsgs l+rla msrsueoSu tjeks msrsuosk ,o l+rla  th iuSmhg f.k tau ksrslaIKh l=ula fjhs o@

jsl¾IKhla we;sjSu

2 ma,ek,a froaolska ,dlv t,a,d we;s ,dlv l+rla msrsueoSu tjeks msrsuosk ,o l+rla  th iuSmhg f.k tau ksrslaIKh l=ula fjhs o@

jsl¾IKhla we;sjSu

3 f,dau froaola fhdod  .ksuska t,a,d we;s tnkhsgs l+rla msrsueoSu fiao j,ska jSoqre msrsueosu l+rla msrsueoSu tjeks msrsuosk ,o l+rla  th iuSmhg f.k tau ksrslaIKh l=ula fjhs o@

wdl¾IKh jsu

4 tfia isoqjqfha wehs@

jscd;Sh wdfrdamK oerSu ksid

5 fiao j,ska tlu w;g jSoqre msrsueosu oS wdfrdamK ,enqfka flfia o@

jSoqre ;=, we;s iDK wdfrdamK fiao ;=,g we;=¿ jSu kd th Ok wdfrdams; fjhs

f,dau froaolska  t,a,d we;s tnkhsgs l+rla msrsueoSfus oS f,dau ;=, we;s iDK wdfrdamK tnkhsgs l+rg we;=¿ jSu isoqfjhs

6 fuhska ;yjqre jkafka l=ula o@

mod¾:h ;=, wdfrdams; iDK wdfrdamK  yd Ok wdfrdamK  we;s nj fyj;a jsoHq;a iajNdjhla we;s nj

7 mod¾:fha l=vdu wxY+j ye|skajq ku ro*â ie,iqï l< mßlaIKfha 4· 10 ^-5 cm jk rka m;%hla ;=,ska hejq wxY= fudkjd o@

α wxY=

8 tys wdfrdamKh ,shkak

  Ok  wdfrdamKh

9 tysoS isÿjqfha l=ulao@

iq¿ wxY= m%udKhla wdmiq yersu

wxY= jevs m%udKhla rka m;%h yryd .uka lsrsu

10 fuu mÍlaIKh ie,iqus lf<a ljqo@

ro¾mvs

11 fuu mÍlaIKh isÿlf<a ljqo@

.hs.¾ ud¾iavka

12 wxY=j, m%udKh;a .uka osYdj fjkia fkdjkafka wehs@

ysia wjldY mej;Su

13 ta nj y÷kd.kafka flfiao@

rka m;%hg msgqmiska ;enq ;srh u; os,shqï we;sùu

14 ro*âf.a ks.ukh l=ulao@

f,day mrudKqfõ l=vd mrsudjla  ;=, Ok wdfrdamK rdYs N+; ù we;snj

15 idfmalaI jYfhka zns ;srh u; we;sjk oss,shqï ixLHdj by< úh ta wehs@

rkam;%h yryd .ukal< wxY= m%udKh jeäùu ksid

 jevs m%udKhla ysia wjldY mej;Su ksid

16 wvq mSvk jdhqjla ;=,ska úoHq;a úNjhla hejq úg lef;davfha isg wefkdavh foig .uka lrk wxY= fudkjdo@

lef;dav lsrK

17 pqïnl Ok w.%hla we,a,Q úg thg l=ula isÿfúo@ ta wehs@

.uka ud¾.h fjkia jSu $wm.ukh jSu $W;al%ukh jSu

iDK wdfrdams; jSu

18 iDK wdfrdams; wxY=j fidhd .;af;a ljqo@ th y÷kajk ku l=ulao@

f;dusika

bf,lafg%dakh

19 iq<xfm;a;la $yn,a illa N%uKh lsrSfus .=Kh fuu lef;dav lsrK j,g we; tu ,laIKh g wkqj .; yels ks.ukh l=ula o@

tu wxY= j,g ialkaOhla yd m%fjs.hla $.uH;djla we;s nj

20 bf,lafg%dakfha wdfrdamKh fidhd .;af;a ljq o@ tu w.h lsh o@

us,slka

1.602 · 10^-9C/ l+f,daus

Polymer Rubber ans

rnra


1 iajNdjsl fraLSh nyqwjhjl kuslrkak

fm%dagSk $ rn¾

2 rn¾  wKqfjs ku ,shkak

fmd,s whsfidms%ka

3 th nyq wjhjhla  f,i y|qkajkafka wehs@

iudk wKq rdYshla tla jS jsYd, wkQjla  ms<sfh, jSu ksid

4 tys mj;sk ;ekqus tallfha ku ,shkak

whsfidms%ka  $C₅H₈ / CH₂ = C . CH3 –CH = CH2  $2- Methyl Buta-1-3-Diene

5 fuys ljr iudhjhsl;djla  mj;so@

cHdus;sl iudhjhsl;dj 

isia - iudhjhsslh

6 tl rn¾  wKqjl  ;ekqus tall  20 000 muK we; tys jHqqyh ,shkak

7 rn¾  wKqfjs keuqus mj;skafka wehs@ta ksid we;sjk .=Khla ,shkak

odu w;r jekavjd,a n, mj;sk ksid

m%;Hdia: .=Kh

8 l,s, wxY=j, wdfrdamKh l=ula o@ tu .=Kh ksid mj;sk ,laIKhla i|yka lrkak

iDK wdfrdamKh

wj,usns; wxY= f,i mej;su

9 iuyr ksIamdok i|yd m%;Hia: .=Kh  bj;a lsrsug isoq fjhs th isoq lrkafka flfia o@

tysos we;sjk fjki ,shkak

i,am¾ iu. r;a lsrsu

odu w;r yria nkaOk we;s jsu

10 ta u.ska ljr ksIamdok isoq lrhs o@

gh¾

tnkhsgs

11 iuyr ksIamdok i|yd m%;Hia: .=Kh  wjYH fjhs ta l=ula i|yd o@

w;a fusia

rn¾ k,

12 fm%dagsk j, mj;sk ;ekqus tallfha ku ,shkak

weuhsfkda wus,h

13 tu wKq j iajdrlaIlhla f,i ls%hdlrkafka tys mj;sk ljr ldKav ksid o@

                 -COOH                 -NH₂

measure Oxyegen ans

Tlaiscka

1 Tlaiscka j, nyqrEms wdldr ,shkak

O₂   yd   O₃

2 ks,a meye j¾Khla .kafka l=ula o@

O₃

3 o%j Tlaiscka idod.kafka flfia o@

jd;h o%jSlrKh lr Nd.sl wdijkhg ,la lsrSfuka

4 tajd l=ula i|yd fhdod .kshs o@

Yajik wdndO iys; frda.Ska i|yd

ridhksl l¾udka; j, oS

fj,avska l¾udka; j, oS

5 o%j jQ jsg ,d ks,a meyehla .kakd by< WIaK;ajfha os iafMdaGkh jk iqoq iamgslh l=ula o@

H₂O₂

6 tajd w|qre fnda;,aj, wiqrd ;nkafka wehs@ iuSlrKhla ,shkak tjeks yelshdj we;s fjk;a ixfhda. lsysmhla ,shkak

ldur WIaK;ajfha oS wdf,dalh we;sjsg jsfhdackh jk ksid

2H₂O₂     -------  2H₂O  +  O₂  

 NaOCl

 HOCl

AgBr

Cl₂ oshr

 HNO₃

7 th jsInSc kdYlhla  f,i fhdod .; yelafla ljr .=Khla ksid o@ tjeks fjk;a ixfhda. lsysmhla ,shkak

mrudKql Tlaiscka idok ksid

Cl₂ oshr

idkao% HNO₃

HOCl

8 tjeks ixfhda. j,g mj;sk fjk;a yelshdjla ,shkak tjeks yelshdj we;s fjk;a ixfhda. lsysmhla ,shkak

jsrxck yelshdj

9 tkacsula mq,sÕ+ .ekajsfusoS Tlaiscka ljr M, idohs o@

N₂ iu. m%;sls%hdjS  NO  $ NO₂ idohs

10 mdrcdusnQ, lsrK we;s jsg iEfok M,hg l=ula isoqfjhs o@    

     NO₂     -------------   NO ++  “O”

     “O”  +  O₂   ------ O₃

       NO ++  O_{3  -----  ---} NO₂

11 iEfok O₃  j,ska we;sjk fjk;a n,mEula ,shkak

fmg%,a wiusmQ¾K oykfhka iEfok yhsfv%dldnk iu. tla jS lSfgdak iEoSu yd th NO iu. fmfrdlais weisghs,a khsfg%sgs ^ PAN)  ieoSu

yrs;d.dr wdprkh

12 ta u.ska we;sjsh yels mdrsirsl .eg¿ fudkjd o@

fnda. wiajekak wvq lsrSu

13 jdhq f.da,fha Tlaiscka m%;sY;h fijsug Ndjs; lrk f,dayhla ,shkak

Cu

14 tu f,dayh .egsug i,iajkafka ljr o%djKhla  iu. o@ tys wruqK ,shkak ksrSlaIKh iuslrKh lska fmkajkak

Cu⁺⁺_(aq)    +  4NH₃ ^---------- [Cu (NH₃)₄]⁺² 

                           ;o ks,a

iEfok f,day Tlaihsvh bj;a lr th kej; jd;h iu. .egsug ie,eiajSu

 15 k,fha we;s o%j ugsgu by< k.skafka wehs@

tys msvkh wvqjk ksid

16 Tlaiscka jdhqj m%;sls%hd jS wjika jQ jsg Tn y|qkd .kafka  flfia o@

o%djKh wj¾K jsu ksid

17 thg fya;=j ,shkak

Cu⁺⁺ + e  ------   Cu⁺¹ njg m;ajsu ksid

18 TlaislrKh jkafka l=ula o@ m%;sls%hdj ,shkak

[Cu (NH₃)₄]⁺²  +  Cu ----- 2  [Cu (NH₃)₂]⁺

   ;o ks,a                             wj¾K

19 k,h jsjD; lsrsfusoS wkq.ukh l<hq;=  ls%hd ud¾.h ,shkak  tjsg we;sjk fjkia jsula ,shkak

jsi¾cl k,h ;=, we;s o%jh lusns oe, wvx.= k,hg tl;= lsrsu

o%djKh ks,ameye jSu

20 yhsv%cka fmfrdlaihsvs fmdgEishus whvhsvs iu. ;kQl   we;sjsg r;= oqUqre o%djKhla fohs thg wod, iuSlrK ,shkak

oqUqre meyehg fya;=jk ldKavh l=ula o@

   H₂O₂ + 2I^- + 2H⁺   -----2H₂O   +  I₂

oqUqre meyehg fya;=jk

 I₃^-  _(aq)                             

  I^- +  I₂    -----     I₃^-  _(aq)                             

21 yhsv%cka fmfrdlaihsvs wdus,sl o%djKhla iu. Ulaiscka ksoyia lrk wjia:djla ,shkak

10 H₂O₂ + 2MnO₄^- + 16H⁺   -----8H₂O   + 5O₂  + 2Mn⁺²

H₂O₂ + MnO₂^- + H₂SO₄   -----   8H₂O   + O₂  + 2MnSO₄

Nitrogen ans

kshus; jsIhh tall fldgi lshjSfuka wk;=rej wod, chemistans.blogspot.com  m%Yak j,g ms<s;=re imhkak'

iuyr jsIhh tall fldgia  ms<sn| oekqu icSjSlrK iu. animescience.webatu.com fj;ska ,nd  .ekSug W;aidy lrkak 

Tnf.a ms<s;=re iemhSu wjYH m%Yak m;%h i|yd fj; chemistans.blogspot.com  msjsfikak'                                                                            fuh Tng iajhx we.hsula jkafkah' ms<s;=re fuysoSS mrSlaId lrkak

ksrka;rfhka isoq lrk iajhx we.hSu  Wiia fm< jsNd. j,g id¾:l f,i uqyqK oSug w;aje,la jkq we;'

khsg%cka

1 mia jk ldKavfha khsg%cka wKqjg jvd fmdiamria wKqj ls%hdldrS fjhs fus i|hd idlaIs ,shkak

khsg%cka uQ, o%jHh O₂ iu. .efguska wls%hj mej;=k o fmdiamria O₂ iu. .egSu je,ela jSug c,h ;=, .nvd lrhs

2 thg fya;=j ,shkak

 khsg%cka wKqj ;=, m%n, nkaOk mj;S th ns|Sug jevs Yla;shla wjYH fjhs P₄  wKqj ;=, we;af;a ;ks nkaOkh tajd ns|Su myiq fjs

3 N₂O₃ yd N₂ O₅  jvd wdus,sl l=ula o@

N₂ O₅ 

4 khsg%cka j, WodiSk Tlaihsvj, ku ,shkak

N₂O /  NO

5 tajd ksmojd .; yels l%u ,shkak

 NH₄NO₃ r;a lsrSu

NO₂ r;a lsrSu

2NO_{2     ----------}   2 N₂O  +O₂

NH₄NO_{3     ------}       H₂O + N₂O

3 Cu +   50% 8 HNO₃ ------3 Cu(NO₃) +4 H₂O + 2NO

6 khsg%cka j, laf,darhsv c,jspsfPokfhka wefudakshd idohs ai |yd m%;sls%hd ,shkak

NCl₃ + H₂O ------NH₃ + HOCl

7 fuu ldKavhg wh;a c,jspsfPokh jk laf,darhsv kus lrkak tai|yd iuSlrK fokak

AsCl₃

PCl₅

PCl₃

PCl₃ + 3H₂O ------  H₃PO₃ + 3 HCl

PCl₅ + 4H₂O ------  H₃PO₄ + 5HCl

AsCl₃ + 3H₂O ------  H₂AsO₃ + 3HCl

8 fuu ldKavhg wh;a  w¾O f,i c,jspsfPokh jk laf,darhsv kus lrkak tai|yd iuSlrK fokak

SbCl₃ + H₂O ------  2HCl + SbOCl

BiCl₃ + H₂O ------  2HCl + BiOCl 

7 khsg%cka wKq  jdhqf.da,fha  O₂ iu. m%;sls%hd jk wjia:djka ,shkak

wl=Kq mj;sk wjia:d j,

8 jdhqf.da,fha  khsg%cka f,dayhla  iu. m%;sls%hd jk wjia:djka ,shkak

ue.akSishus mgshla jd;fha oejsu

9 tysoS iEfok M, fudkjd o@

MgO  / Mg₃N₂

10 c,h iu. jdhqjla fokafka l=ula o@ iqoq wjlafIamhla ,efnkafka wehs@

Mg(OH) ₂

11 ld¾uslj N₂ Ndjs; jk wjia:djla ,shkak

wefudakshd ksIamdokfha oS

12 ta i|yd H₂  ,nd .kafka flfia o@

yhsfv%dldnk ns|Su

uqyqoq c,h jsoHq;a jspsfPokh

13  wefudakshd ksIamdokfha oS Ndjs; lrk W;afm%arl ,shkak

Fe       fyda Fe₂O₃ 

14 Ndjs; lrk W;afm%arl j¾Ol ,shkak

Al₂O_{3   ,} K₂O

15 M, m%udKh jevs lr .eksug fhdod .kakd Wml%u fudkjd o@

iefok M, bj;a lsrsu

msrsisoq m%;sls%hl Ndjs;h $oQjs,s rys;

16 wefudakshd ksIamdokfha oS Ndjs; lrk WIaK;ajh yd mSvkh lSho@

600C⁰

2×10⁷ Pa

17 fmdfydr f,i .kakd hqrshd yd (NH₄)SO₄ i|yd fuu wefudakshd fhdod .kshs ta i|yd wjYH wuqo%jH ,shkak iuslrK bosrsm;a lrkak

le,aishus i,afmags yd CO₂

           CO₂  + NH₃           ---          (NH₂)₂CO

            CO₂  + NH₃           ------- (NH₄)CO₃

(NH₄)CO₃ +  CaSO₄  ------   (NH₄)SO₄  + CaCO₃   

18 wefudakshd j, Tlaisldrl ls%hdj ksrEmkh l< yels m%;sls%hdjka i\|yd WodyrK fokak

f,day iu. yhsv%cka ksoyia lsrSu

Na, K ,Mg ,Li

19 iEfok M,h jsh<d c,h fhoQjsg msgjk jdhqj l=ula o@ th ;yjqre lrkafka flfia o@

fkia,¾ m%;sldrlfhka fmÕjq lvodishla jdhqjg we,a,q jsg ly –oqUqre j¾Khla .eksu

(NH₄)CO₃ , (NH₄)SO_{4 ,} (NH₄)Cr₂ O₇  , NH₄Cl  , NH₄NO₃ , NH₄NO₂ Ndjs;fhka wid we;s m%Yak j,g ms<s;=re  imhkak

20 M,h f,i wefudakshd ,nd fokafka l=ula o@

(NH₄)CO₃

, (NH₄)SO_{4 ,}

21 M,h f,i N₂ ,nd fokafka l=ula o@

NH₄NO₂

(NH₄)Cr₂ O₇ 

23 b;srs ixfhda.h ljr M,hla fohs o@

N₂O

24 wefudakshd o%djKhl oshjk Tlaihsvhla ,shkak  iEfok M,fha iQ;% ,shkak j¾Kj;a ,jKh l=ula o@ 

CuO yd Ag₂O

Cu(NH₄)₄⁺² 2OH^-   ks,a

Ag(NH₄)₂⁺² 2OH^- 

25 NaOH  o%djKhl oshjk Tlaihsvhla ,shkak  iEfok M,fha iQ;% ,shkak

 Al₂O₃ yd ZnO

NaAlO₂

Na₂ZnO₂

26 ta w;frka r;a l< jsg j¾Khla fokafka l=ula o@ j¾Kh ,shkak

ZnO

27  wefudakshd Tlaisydrlhla f,i yeisfrhs tysoS N₂ jdhqj ksmojhs tjeks wjia:d 2la ,shkak

wefudakshd irdjlg oe,a,la we,a,Q jsg

 r;a l<  CuO  wefudakshd Wvska hejQ jsg

28 khsgS%la wus,h fmdfydr ksIamdokfha oS Ndjs; fjhs th yer fjk;a m%fhdackhla ,shkak

iafMdagl i|yd

29   wefudakshd j,  Tlaisydrl .=Kh khsgS%la wus,h iEosfus oS fhdod .kshs tysoS Ndjs;  l< yels W;afm%arlhla ,shkak

Pt  fyda   Cu

30 W;afm%arlhla fkdue;sj fuu m%;sls%hdj isoq l< jsg iEfok M, fudkjd o@

N₂ yd c,h

31 fuysos iEfok m<uq M,h ,shkak ljr ;;aj ai |yd  jsoHd.drhloS ljr ;;aj wjYH fjhs o@

rla; ;ma; $ 1000C⁰ oS Cu f,dayh o%djKhg by<ska t,ajd ;enSu

idkao% wefudakshd o%djKhla ;=,ska Tlaiscka nqnq,kh lsrSu

32 TlaaislrKh iusmq¾K nj y|qkd.kafka flfia o@

oÕrh iuSmfhka oqTqre meye;s jdhqjla ksl=;a jSu

33 ld¾uslj khsgS%la wus,h ksmojk  fuu uQ,O¾uh y|qkajk ku l=ula o@

Tiaj,avs l%uh

 34 NO₂ iEoSfusoS  ljr wkqmd;hlska jdhq usY%  l< hq;=o@ 

wefudakshd 9  jd;h 1

35 iEfok NO₂ j,ska khsgS%la wus,h  ,nd .kafka flfia o@ iuSlrK  ,shkak

iEfok NO₂ jevsmqr Tlaiscka yuqfjs c,h iu. m%;sls%hd lsrSu u.ska

           4NO₂    + 2H₂O   + O₂ ------       4 HNO₃