Molarity ans

m%udKsl o%djK

1 o%jH m%udKh uekSug Ndjs;d lrk tall fudkjd o@

ialkaOh

mrsudj

fu!, .Kk

2  A ,B   ixrpl iys;  usY%Khl o%jH m%udKh  $ ixhq;sh uekSug Ndjs; jk l%u lsysmhla my;

oelafjhs

ialkaO Nd.h

mrsud Nd.h

fu!, Nd.h

.e,fmk m%ldYh f;darkak

    1   B ialkaOh $A ialkaOh +B ialkaOh  --- ialkaO Nd.h

     2  B mrsudj $A mrsudj +B mrsudj --- mrsud Nd.h

     3  B fu!, .Kk $A fu!, .Kk +B fu!, .Kk  -- fu!, Nd.h

3 wej.vsfrda ixLHdj f,i y|qkajkafka ljrla o@

6.022 ×10 ²³

4 mrudKq fyda wKq 6.022 ×10 ²³ ixLHdjla ljr kulska y|qkajhs o@

fu!,h

5 jsoHd.drfhaoS mrudKq fu!,hla  ,nd .ekSug yelshdj we;s fjk;a wdldrhla ,shkak

 mrudKql ialkaOhg iudk .%Eus nrla lsrd .ekSfuka

6 wKq fu!,h hkak y|qkajd oSug yelshdj we;s fjk;a wdldrhla ,shkak

wKql ialkaOhg iudk .%Eus nrla

7 fldm¾ fu!,hla i|yd fldmuK ialkaOhla lsrd .; hq;= o@

63 g

8 khsg%cka jdhq  fu!, ialkaOh fldmuK o@

28 g

9 tys  mj;sk wKq ixLHdj lSho@

   6.022 ×10 ²³

10 tys  mj;sk  khsg%cka mrudKq ixLHdj lSho@

   2 x 6.022 ×10 ²³

 iusu; WIaK;ajfhaoS yd mSvkfhaoS khsg%cka jdhq  fu!, 1l mrsudj fldmuK o@

,sgr 22.4  / 22.4 dm^-3  

8 o%djKhla idod .kafka flfiao@

o%djHhla o%djlhl osh lsrSfuks

9 o%djKhl idkao%Kh f,i y|qkajkafka l=ula o@

o%djKfha talSh mrsudjl wvx.= o%djH $ o%djs; o%djH  ujq, .Kkhs

10 o%djKhl idkao%Kh hk w.h ljr lreKq u; r|d mj;shs o@

 o%djH ialkaOh

o%djl mrsudj

11 o%djH ialkaOh ksjeros f,i uek .kafka ljr WmlrKhla u.skao@

ridhksl ;=,dj

 12  jsoHd.drfha oS o%djKh ksjeros f,i idod .kafka ljr WmlrKhla Ndjs;fhkao@ idod.; yels mrsud w.hhka ,shkak

mrsudus;sl ma,dial=j

250ml

13 o%djKh ksjeros f,i idod .ekSug wjYH jk fjk;a WmlrK ,shkak

msfmgsgqj

fojqus fnda;,h

Trf,daiq jSoqre

ridhksl ;=,dj

Lassen Test ans

ms<s;=re

1 ,efiaka ksiaidrlhla   mej;sh yels wekdhk fudkjd o@

-      CN^-1            - S^-2      - CO₃^-2        - PO₄^-3     - SO₄^-2     - OH^-1   - Cl^-1    - Br^-1  -- I^-1

2 ljr uQ, o%jHhl ,jKhla f,i fuu wekdhk mj;shs o@

fidavshus

3 fuu ksiaidrlh iEoSug .kakd k,h y|qkajk ku ,shkak

caj,k k,

4 tla  k,hla i|yd fldmuK m%udKhl  fidavshus lene,a,la fhdod .; hq;=o@

uqx weghl m%udKh

5  th  r;a lrk ;=re r|jd ;nkafka ljr ia:dkhl o@

k,h m;=f,a we;s ldnksl ixfhda.hg by<ska we,j ;nd we;s  k,fha ns;a;sh u;

6 k,h isria msysgsulg  m;a lrkafka ljr wjia:dfjs o@

fidavshus lene,a, o%j jk jsg

7 r;a lsrSu l=uk wjia:dj olajd isoq l< hq;= o@

caj,k k,h rla; ;ma; jk ;=re

8 bka miqj isoq l< hq;= mshjr ,shkak

wvla c,fhka msreKq  oyk k,hla ;=,g caj,k k,h rla; ;ma; jk ;=re r;a lsrSfuka miq

 oeuSu yd lusns oe,lska  jeiSu

7 tys wruqK l=ula o@

caj,k k,h ns| iEoS we;s  fidavsshus   ,jK c,fha osh lsrSu

8 fujeks  caj,k k,h lsysmhla  rla; ;ma; jk ;=re r;alr wvla c,fhka msreKq  tlu oyk k,hla  ;=,g fhoSfus wruqK l=ula o@

 jvd;a idkao% ,efiaka ksiaidrlhla ,nd .eksu

9 bka wk;=rej isoq lrk mshjr ,shkak

oyk k,h r;a lsrSu yd o%djKh fmrsu

10 ,nd .kakd fmfrkh g ldnka l=vq fhdod r;a lsrsug isoq jkafka l=uk wjia:djlosi@

,efiaka ksiaidrlhg j¾Khla ,enS we;s jsg th bj;a lsrSu msKsi

11 ,jKhl khsg%cka we;snj fidhd .kafka flfiad o@

,efiaka ksiaidrlhlg w,q;ska iDok ,o fmria i,afmag oud ;kQl i,amshqrsla wus,h u.ska wdus,sl lsrSfusoS  ,%Yshka ks, ,enSu u.ska

12  fuysoS oqUqre wjlafIamhla ,enSfuka ;yjqre jkafka l=ula o@

Ndjs;hg .;a fidavshus m%udKh jevsjSu ksid udOHh NdIausl jS we;s nj

13 oqUqre wjlafIamhla  f,i mj;skafka l=ula o@

fmrsla yhsfv%dlaihsvs

20 l¿ wjlafIamhla idohs kus ljr ks.ukhlg t<Ush yels o@

tys i,amhsv whk we;s nj

,efiaka ksiaidrlhla wdus,sl lr w,q;ska iDok ,o fmria i,afmag  thg tl;=  lsrsfusos

21 tys i,amhsv whk we;s nj y|qkd .kafka flfia o@

fidavshus khsfg%dfm%dihsvs  Na₃Fe (CN) ₆NO         iu. ous meyehla ,ndfohs

22 tys i,amhsv whk we;s nj y|qkd .; yels fjk;a mrslaIdjla ,shkak

Fidavshus khsfg%dfm%dihsvs iu. ,ndfok ous meyeh u,ska

23  khsg%sla wus,fhka wdus,sl lr wfudakshus fud,snsfvsgs iu. we;slrk  ly meye;s wjlafIamh u.ska  l=ula y|qkd.; yels o@

- PO₄^-3      ldKavh we;s nj

24 fldm¾  lusns oe,la  nkaika  oe,a,g we,a,Q jsg oe,a,g we;sjk j¾Kh ,shkak

fld< meyeh

25 tjeks j¾Khla ,nd  oSug fya;=jk wekdhk ,shkak

ye,ck   $ CN^-1 

26 ,efiaka ksiaidrlhla khsg%sla wus,fhka wdus,sl lr kgjd  bka wk;=rej ye,ck i|yd  is,aj¾ khsfg%sgs fhdod mrslaId lrkafka wehs@

ye,ck yer fjk;a whk ksid o fuysoS iqoq wjlafIam ,ensh yels ksid  tjeks whk bj;a lsrSu i|yd Wod(-

-      CN^-1            - S^-2      

27  ldnksl ixfhda.hl whksl laf,darhsv  we;s nj fmkajkafka flfia o@

tu ,jKh c,fha osh lr  bka wk;=rej ye,ck i|yd isoqlrk mrslaIKhla isoq lsrSu

u.ska

          

P Block -2 answers

15 Tn okakd WodiSk  yhsv%hsv    ,shkak

            SiH₄ 

16   wdus,sl ,laIK mj;skafka ljrlao@ ta w;rska oqn, wdus,sl  yhsv%hsv    ,shkak tys oS c,h iu. idok  wdus,sl M,h l=ula o@

PH₃   H₂S  HCl

m%n, wdus,sl   HCl       

oqn, wdus,sl     PH₃

17 miajk ldKavfha we;s Tlaihsv j,ska NdIausl ,laIK fmkajkafka l+ula o@

Bi₂O₃

18 wdus,sl ,laIK mj;skafka ljrlo@ ta w;rska oqn, wdus,sl  Tlaihsvh ,shkak

wdus,sl           N₂O₃   P₂O₅    P₂O₃  As₂O₅  Sb₂O₅  NO₂

oqn, wdus,sl     P₂O₃  As₂O₅  Sb₂O₅ As₂O₅ 

19 wdus,sl  Tlaihsvhla y|qkd .kafka flfia o@

NIauhla iu. ,jKhla yd c,h  ,nd oSu u.ska

20 tu Tlaihsv  w;rska WNh.+kS f,i yeisfrkafka ljrla o@

As₂O₃  Sb₂O₃

21 Tn okakd Wodisk  Tlaihsv  ,shkak

NO   ,  N₂O , CO ,H₂O

22 mQ¾K f,i c,jspsfPokh jk laf,darhsv ,shkak tysos jdhqjla ,nd fokafka l=ula o@ tu jdhqj y|qkd .; yels mrslaIKhla ,shkak

NCl₃   PCl₃   PCl₅  AsCl₃

NCl₃

fkia,¾ m%;sldrlfhka fmd.jk ,o lvodishla o%djKhg by<ska we,a,sfus os thg oqUqre meyehla  ,ensu u.ska

23  mQ¾K f,i c,jspsfPokh jk laf,darhsv  i|yd iuSlrK ,shkak

   NCl₃  +3  H₂O  =  3HOCl  + NH₃

  PCl₃  +  3  H₂O  =  3HCl  + H₃PO₃

  PCl₅  +  4H₂O  =  3HCl  + H₃PO₄

  AsCl₃  +  3  H₂O  =  3HCl  + H₃AsO₃

24 jsrxck yelshdj we;af;a  iEfok ljr c,sh o%djKhg o@ ta l=ula ksid o@

NCl₃

HOCl  iEoSu ksid

25 wus, folla ,nd fokafka ljr laf,darhsvh c,jspsfPokh jSfuka o@ ;=,s; iuslrK ,shkak

PCl₃   +3H₂O  =  H₃PO₃ +3 HCl

PCl₅  +4H₂O  =  H₃PO₄ +5HCl

AsCl₃+3H₂O  =  H₃AsO₃ +3 HCl

26 Nd.sl  f,i c,jspsfPokh jk laf,darhsv ,shkak ,efnk ksrSlaIK  i|yka lrkak

SbCl₃   BiCl₃

iqoq wjlafIamhla ,ensu

27 tu o%djKhg HCl tl;= l<jsg l=ula isoqfjhs o@ kej; c, nsxoqjla fhoQjsg isoq jkafka l=ula o@

o%djH fjhs

iqoq wjlafIamhla ,ensu

SbCl₃   +3H₂O  =  SbOCl +2HCl

BiCl₃   +3H₂O  =  BiOCl +2HCl

28 ihjk ldKavh ;=, mj;sk uQ, o%jH ,shkak

O  ,S  , Se

29 Tlaisldrlhla f,i yeisfrk fuu ldKavfha wh;a ixfhda. ,shkak

H₂S     H₂O₂

30 Tlaisydrlhla f,i yeisfrk fuu ldKavfha wh;a ixfhda. ,shkak

H₂S      H₂O₂  ,SO₂

ta i|yd  oS we;s Wodyrk ljr ls%hdj,shla i|yd .e,fmkafka oehs fidhkak

        1     H₂O₂ + KI  + H₂SO₄ = H₂O + I₂+ K₂SO₄   ---- Tlaisldrlhla

        

 2    10H₂O₂ + 8H⁺  + 2 KMnO₄ = 8H₂O + 5O₂+ 2Mn⁺² --- Tlaisydrlhla

        

3   H₂O₂ + H₂SO₄+  MnO₂  = 2H₂O + 5O₂+ 2MnSO₄    Tlaisydrlhla

       

  4    6H₂S + 6HCl  + 2 Na₃AsO₄ = 2As₂S₅ +2S+ 8H₂O +6NaCl  Tlaisydrlhla

        

5     8H₂S + 2 Na₃AsO₄ = 2As₂S₃ +2S+ 8H₂O +3Na₂S Tlaisydrlhla

       

  6     2 Na +H₂S  = H₂ + 3Na₂S  Tlaisldrlhla

         

7    FeCl₃ + H₂S   =  FeCl₂   +   S  +  2 HCl

          

8     H₂SO₄+ H₂S   =  SO₂   +   S  +  2 H₂O

          

9    2HNO₃+ H₂S   =  2NO₂   +   S  +  2 H₂O

         

10   Cl₂+ H₂S   =  2HCl    +   S

         

11    I₂+ H₂S   =  2HI    +   S

         

12    4 H₂SO₄ + 5 H₂S  + 2 KMnO₄ = 8H₂O + 5S+ 2Mn SO₄ +2KH SO₄

          

13   4 H₂SO₄ + 3 H₂S  + 2 K₂Cr₂O₇ = 7H₂O + 3S+ Cr₂(SO₄)₃ +2KH SO₄

          

14    Pb(CH₃COO)₂+ H₂S   = 2 CH₃COOH    +   PbS

         

 15    Pb(NO₃)₂+ H₂S   = 2 NO₃    +   PbS

          

16   CuSO₄+ H₂S   = H₂SO₄ +   CuS

         

 17  NaOH + H₂S = Na₂S+ H₂O

       

 18     8H₂S + 2 Na₂AsO₃= 2As₂S₃ +2S+ 8H₂O +3Na₂S Tlaisydrlhla

31 wus,hla f,i yeisrsu ksrslaIKh l< yelafla ljr iuSlrKfhka o@

6  $ 17

32 Tn  Tlaisldrlhla y|qkd .kafka flfia o@

TlaisyrKh jSu u.ska

33   TlaisyrKh jSfus oS isoqjk fjki l=ula o@

bf,lafg%dak ,nd .ekSu $Ok nj jevsjSu $iDk nj jevsjSu

Tlaiscka  bj;a lsrsu

yhsv%cka iu. m%;sls%hd jsu

34  by; m%;sls%hd j,oS l,q wjlafIam ,nd fokafka l=ula o@

14   $   15   $  16

35   ,d ly meye;s wjlafIam ,nd fokafka ljrla o@

4 $ 9 isg 13 olajd

36   o%djKfha fld< meye;s j¾Khla ,nd fokafka l=ula o@ tu fjkiajsug fya;=jk ixfhda.h  l=ula o@

7 yd 13

7    -   FeCl₂  

13   -  Cr₂(SO₄)₃

37  ous meye;s  j¾Kh fjkia jkafka ljr wjia:dfjsoS o@

2 yd 12

38 msIaGfhka fmd.jk ,o lvodishla u.ska y|qkd.; yelafla ljr k,h o@ ksrslaIK  ,shkak

1

 lvodisfha ks,a- –ous j¾Khla we;sjSu

39 fmrsla ,jK o%djKhl ly- oqUqre j¾Kh  ,d fld< meyehg yrjd .; yelafla ljrlska o@

H₂O₂

H₂S

SO₂

40 jsoHd.drfha oS  jsfYaI .|lska hq;a jdhqjla f,i y|qkd.; yelafla l=ulao@

lgql .kaOh  --  SO₂

l=Kq ns;a;r .| -- H₂S  

  

41 jsoHd.drfha oS   tla tla jdhq idod.; yelafla flfiao@

idkao  i,amshqrsla  wus,h iu.  ;U iqrekavq m%;sls%hd lrjsfuka  SO₂ idod .ekSu

fmria i,amhsvs iu.  ;kQl yhsfv%dlaf,darsla wus,h iu. r;a lrjsfuka  H₂S idod .ekSu

oS we;s m%;sls%hd j,ska ,efnk ksrSlaIK j,g .e,fmk wxlh ,shkak

             

1  FeCl₃ + SO₂  + H₂O =  FeCl₂   +  H₂SO₄ +  2 HCl

              

2 Cl₂+ SO₂ + H₂O  =  H₂SO₄ +  2 HCl

           

  3  I₂+ SO₂ + H₂O  =  H₂SO₄ +  2 HI

            

 4 5SO₂ + 2H₂O  + 2 KMnO₄ = H₂SO₄   +  2Mn SO₄ +K₂SO₄

           

  5 3SO₂ + 2H₂O  + 2 K₂Cr₂O₇ =  Cr₂(SO₄)₃ +2KH SO₄  + H₂SO₄ 

           

  6  PbO₂+ SO₂  = 2 NO₃    +   PbSO₄

          

7 H₂O₂+ SO₂  = H₂SO₄

            

8  KIO₃ + 5SO₂  + 4H₂O =  I₂   +  2KHSO₄ +  3 H₂SO₄

42  ous meyeh  wj¾K jsu -  4

43  ly oqUqre meyeh  ,d fld< meyehg yerSu  - 1

44  ;eUs,s meyeh   fld< meyehg yerSu  - 5 

45  ly oqUqre meyeh  iqoq meyehg yerSu  - 6

46 o%djKh oqUqre meyehg yersu  -8

47 msIaGfhka fmd.jk ,o lvodishla u.ska y|qkd.; yelafla ljr k,h o@  - 8

.e,fmk ,jKh f;darkak

ldnfkag    $ i,afmag $   i,amhsg  $ khsfg%sg  $ khsg%hsg $ nhsldnfkag $ fn%dauhsv  $laf,darhsv $whvhsv 

49  iqoq meye;s ,jK usY%Khla  f.k thg ;kql  wus,hla f,i H₂SO₄  tl;= l<  jsg  jdhqjla msg jsh

iEfok jdhqj l=ula o@  iuslrK ,shkak

ldnfkag              ---  CO₂

i,amhsg               ---   SO₂

khsg%hsg               - -- NO

 nhsldnfkag         ---- CO₂

50 iqoq meye;s ,jK usY%Khla  f.k thg ;kql  wus,hla f,i H₂SO₄  tl;= l<  jsg  jdhqjla msg jsh ;jo ,d ly meye;s wjlafIamhla ,enqKs  wekdhkh  f,i l=ula  mej;sh yels o@

;fhda i,afmag

51 f,vs weisfgsgs lvodishlska  y|qkd.; yels jdhqjla ,shkak  th ,nd .eksug Ndjs; l< yels ixfhda.hla ,shkak

H₂S

52 iqoq meye;s ,jK usY%Khla  f.k thg idkao%  wus,hla f,i H₂SO₄  tl;= lr r;a l<  jsg   j¾Kj;a  jdhqjla msg jsh

fn%dauhsv

khsfg%sg 

 khsg%hsg

 whvhsv

53 c,Sh o%djKhlg  f,vs khsfg%sgs fhoQjsg wjlafIam ,nd fokafka ljrla o@

ldnfkag    $ i,afmag $   i,amhsg  $ fn%dauhsv  $laf,darhsv $whvhsv 

54 c,Sh o%djKhlg  f,vs khsfg%sgs fhoQjsg  j¾Kj;a wjlafIam ,nd fokafka ljrla o@

fn%dauhsv  $whvhsv 

55 fuysoS iqoq b|slgq yev  iamgsl fokafka ljrla o thg ,dlaIksl .;s.=Khla fokak

laf,darhsv

iqoq b|slgq yev  iamgsl WKq v,fha  oshjsu yd isis,ajk jsg kej; iqoq b|slgq yev  iamgsl iEoSu

56 c,Sh o%djKhlg  is,aj¾ khsfg%sgs fhoQjsg wjlafIam ,nd fokafka ljrla o@

ldnfkag    $ i,afmag $   i,amhsg  $ khsfg%sg  $ khsg%hsg $ nhsldnfkag $ fn%dauhsv  $laf,darhsv $whvhsv

57 c,Sh o%djKhlg  is,aj¾ khsfg%sgs fhoQjsg  l¿ wjlafIamhla  ,nd fokafka ljrla o@

ldnfkag    $ i,afmag $   i,amhsg  $ $ nhsldnfkag

58c,Sh o%djKhlg  jevsmqr khsg%sla wus,h fhdod r;alr is,aj¾ khsfg%sgs fhoQjsg wjlafIam ,nd fokafka ljrla o@

fn%dauhsv  $laf,darhsv $whvhsv

59 ;kQl wefudakshd  o%djKhl oshjkafka ljrla o@

laf,darhsv

60 idkao% wefudakshd  o%djKhl oshjkafka ljrla o@

fn%dauhsv  $laf,darhsv

61 khsg%sla wus,h fhdod r;alsrSfus wruqK l=ula o@

fn%dauhsv  $laf,darhsv $whvhsv  yer b;srs wekdhk bj;a lsrSu

62 c,Sh o%djKhlg  jevsmqr khsg%sla wus,h fhdod r;alr fnsrshus laf,darhsvs  fhoQjsg  iqoq wjlafIam ,nd fokafka ljrla o@

i,afmag

P - Block 1 answers

  P f.dkqj  -1

1 S f.dkqfjs uQ,oQjH f,dayjk w;r P f.dkqjg  ljr fjkila   fmkajhs o@

tys f,day wf,day fukau f,daydf,day o olakg ,efns

2      P f.dkqjg wh;a  uq, o%jH w;rska nyqrEmS ,laIK fmkajkafka ljrla o@

             P / O  / C  /  S

            P   -      iqoq P₄    /r;= P₄    /l,q P₄   

                 C    -  oshuka;s $usksrka $ w.=re

            S    - frdusnish $taldk;s $ iqjsld¾h

3   P f.dkqjg idfma;aIj S f.dkqfjs uQ,oQjH j, ixhqc;djfha ljr fjkila mj;shs o@

P f.dkqfjs  uQ,o%jH ksYaps; ixhqc;djla fkdfmkajSu     -3  isg ¬5 S f.dkqfjs  uQ,o%jH ksYaps; ixhqc;djla ^1 fyda 2& fmkajSu

4  tys mj;sk wKq f,i mj;sk uQ,o%jH ,shkak

N₂    S₈    O ₂     O₃    H₂ O     P₄    F₂

5 P f.dkqjg wh;a  WodiSk Tlaihsv ljrla o@

H₂ O     N ₂O   NO   CO

6 ;=kajk wdj¾;fha we;s Tlaihsv j,ska iyixhqc Tlaihsv fudkjd o@

iyixhqc jdhquh Tlaihsv fudkjd o@ ta w;rska c,fha o%djH Tlaihsv ,shkak

 iyixhqc Tlaihsv                    SiO₂   P₂O₅    P₂O₃  SO₂   Cl₂O₇

 iyixhqc jdhquh Tlaihsv       P₂O₅    P₂O₃  SO₂   Cl₂O₇

c,fha o%djH Tlaihsv             P₂O₅    P₂O₃  SO₂   Cl₂O₇

7 ;=kajk wdj¾;fha we;s Tlaihsv j,ska NdIausl ,laIK fmkajkafka l+ula o@

Na₂O   MgO

8 wdus,sl ,laIK mj;skafka ljrlo@ ta w;rska oqn, wdus,sl  Tlaihsvh ,shkak tys oS c,h iu. idok  wdus,sl M,h l=ula o@

wdus,sl           SiO₂  P₂O₅    P₂O₃  SO₂   Cl₂O₇

 oqn, wdus,sl     SiO₂  P₂O₅    P₂O₃ 

H₄ SiO₄

H₃PO₄

H₃PO₃

9 m%n, wdus,sl  Tlaihsvhla jkafka l=ula o@ tys oS c,h iu. idok  wdus,sl M,h l=ula o@

Cl₂O₇

HClO₄

10 tu f.dkqfjs Tlaihsv w;rska WNh.+kS f,i yeisfrkafka ljrla o@

           Al₂O₃

11 th wus, HCl yd NIau  $ NaOH iu. olajk m%;sls%hd ,shkak

Al₂O₃  + 2NaOH =2 NaAlO₂ +H₂O

Al₂O₃  + 6HCl =Al₂O₃ +3H₂O

12 tu f,dayh NIau iu. olajk m%;sls%hdj ,shkak

2Al + 2NaOH+ 2H₂O  =2 NaAlO₂ +3H₂

13 NaOH iu. m%;sls%hdjk fjk;a WNh.+kS f,i yeisfrk uQ, o%jH fudkjd o@

          Zn    Sn    Pb  

14 tu wdj¾;fha yhsv%hsv  w;rska WNh.+kS f,i yeisfrkafka ljrla o@

          AlH₃ 

15 Tn okakd WodiSk  yhsv%hsv    ,shkak

            SiH₄