PH Range

o¾Ylhl PH mrdih fijSu

1 o¾Ylhla c,Sh o%djKhla ;=,oS flfia js>gkh fjhs o@

2 fjk;a wKqj,g jvd fujeks c,Sh o%djKhl mj;sk fjki ,shkak

 wKqj,g tla j¾Khla o whkhg ;j;a j¾Khla o mej;su

 3 msfkda,ama;,Ska  j, frdai meyehg fya;= jkafka l=ul idkao%Kh by< hdu o@

whkfha idkao%Kh by< hduhs

4 fuu ljr j¾Kh mshjs weiska y|qkd .ekSug kus idkao%Kh lS .=Khlska jevsjsh hq;= o@

10

 5 l=uk udOHhloS tu  j¾Kh ,efnhs o@

NdIausl

6 tjsg iu;=,s;;dj ljr foilg fhduqjs we;af;a o@

ol=Kg

7 wKqfjs  j¾Kh  m%uqL jSug iu;=,s;;dj ljr foilg fhduq l< hq;= o2

jug

8 ta i|yd .; hq;= ls%hd ud¾.hla ,shkak tjsg isoqjk fjkiajSu ,shkak

udOHhg wus,hla fhoSu

 9 iu;=,s; moaO;shg tl;=  jevsmqr l< H⁺ whk bj;a lsrsug In ^– whk iu. m%;sls%hd fjhs

HIn w¿;ska iEoSu   tys idkao%Kh by< hdu g fya;= jk ksid   wKqfjs j¾Kh m%uqL fjhs

10 by; mrslaIKh u.ska ;yjqre jkafka l=ula o@ NdIausl udOHfha oS  In ^– whk idkao%Kh jevsjS we;af;a wehs@

11 iu;=,s; moaO;shg tl;=  jevsmqr l< OH^-- whk bj;a lsrsug H⁺ whk iu. m%;sls%hd fjhs  c, wKq iEfohs bj;ajk   ,nd oSug wKq js>gkh fjhs tys m%;sM,hla f,I oS  In ^– whk  idkao%Kh jevsfjhs

12 fu;s,a Tf¾kaca o¾Ylfha NdIausl j¾Kh  l=ula o@

ly

13 fu;s,a Tf¾kaca o¾Ylfha wdus,sl j¾Kh  l=ula o@

r;=

14  ,sgsuia o¾Ylhl PH mrdih  ;SrKh lrkafkaa flfia o@

 PH 1-14 olajd o%djK fYa%Kshlg ,sgsuia nsxoqj ne.ska tl;= lsrSu

wdus,sl  j¾Kh   mj;sk Wmrsu w.h fijSu NdIausl  j¾Kh   mj;sk wju w.h fijSu th PH mrdihhs

16 PH mrdihka lsysmhla mj;sk o¾Ylhla ,shkak

id¾j;% o¾Ylh

wkqudmk i|yd

 1  wkqudmk hla isoqlsrSfus wruqK l=ula o

fkdokakd idkao%Khla we;s o%djKhl idkao%Kh fidhd .ekSug

2 tu o%djK we;=,;a lssrSug Ndjs; lrk WmlrK ,shkak

nshqfrgsgqj  $ wkqudmk ma,dial=j

3 okakd mrsudjla uek .ekSug Ndjs; lrk WmlrK ,shkak

msfmgsgqj

4 wkqudmk ma,dial=j i|yd fndfydajsg Ndjs;jk o%djKh l=ula o@

NIaauh

5 thg o¾Ylhla fhoSfus wruqK ,shkak

ths we;s NIauh iusmQ¾Kfhka m%;sls%hd lr wjika jQ wjia:dj y|qkd .ekSuhs

6 fuu wjia:dj ljr kulska y|qkajhs o@

iul;d ,laIh $WodiSkslrK ,laIh

7 fuu wjia:dfjsoS udOHh WodiSk fjys o@ tjeks wjia:dj,g WodyrK fokak

   WodiSk   HCl / NaOH

   NdIausl  Na₂CO₃ / HCl

   wdus,sl NH₄OH /HCl

8 wkqudmk i|yd o¾Yl Ndjs; lrhs o¾Yl Ndjs;fhka isoq lrk tjeks wkqudmk fuu ixfhda. w;=rska f;darkak

fidavshus fndaf¾gs  HCl / NaOH / Na₂CO₃ / Na₂S₂O₃ KMnO₄  /FeCl₃ /  FeCl₂/ KI / KIO₃/

fidavshus fndaf¾gs  HCl

HCl / NaOH

 Na₂CO₃ / HCl

9 TskEu o¾Ylhla fhdod.; yelafla ljr wkqudmkhl oSo

HCl / NaOH

10 wkqudmkhl oS o¾Ylh f;dard .; hq;af;a flfia o@

 WodiSk ,laIfha mj;sk  PH w.hg we;=,;a PH jrdih iys; o¾Ylhla f;dard .ekSu

tla tla wjia:dj i|yd iqoqiq o¾Ylh f;darkak

msfkda,ama;,ska 8.3- 10      fu;s,a Tf¾kaca 3.1-4.4    ,sgsuia   fu;s,afrvs 4.2-6.3    mSfkda,a frvs 6.8-  -8.48 fn%dafuda;hsfuda,a ns,Q  6- 7.6

  HCl / NaOH

  Na₂CO₃ / HCl

  NH₄OH /HCl

  CH₃COOH / HCl

tjeks o¾Ylhla fkdue;sj fjk;a o¾Ylhla f;dard .; fyd;a we;sjk n,mEu ,shkak

jsYd,  mrsud fodAIhla we;sfjhs

Na₂CO₃ / HCl wkqudmkfhaoS  msfkda,ama;,ska  fu;s,a Tf¾kaca fjka fjka jYfhka Ndjs; l< jsg jehfjk mrsud  jsjsO fjhs

jvd wvq mrsudjla jeh jkafka ljr o¾Ylh f;dard .;a wjia:dfjs o@

msfkda,ama;,ska 

wka; ,laIfhaoS M,hka f,i  l=ula ,efnhs o@

NaHCO₃ / NaCl

iul;d ,laIfha PH w.h ,shkak

8-10 w;r

fu;s,a Tf¾kaca Ndjs; l< jsg jehfjk mrsudj  Tng ;srKh l< yels o@

l,ska w.h fuka fo.=Khla fjhs

tysoS iefok wjidk M,h l=ulao@ fuu wjia:dfjs PH w.h ljrla jsh yels o@

H₂CO₃ / NaCl

4.2

wkqudmkh loS ma,dial=fjs we;s o%djKfha PH w.h fjkiajsu  tl;=lrk wus, mrsudjg tfrysj m%ia;dr .; l<fyd;a my; oelafjk tla tla wjia:dfjsoS ks.uk j,g t<fUkafka flfia o@ m%ia;drh ljrlg wh;ao hkak fidhd .kakd wkaou ,shkak

0.1 M HCl / 0.1 M NaOH

0.1 M NH₄OH /0.1 M HCl

      0.1 M  CH₃COOH / 0.1 M HCl