PH Value

1  c,fha mj;sk whk fudkjd o@

 OH^- yd H⁺

2 tu m%;sls%hdj i|yd iuSlrK ,shkak

2H₂O_(l)           OH_(aq)  ^- + H₃O⁺ _(aq) 

3 fi wxYl 25 oS c,h 1000 g la ;=, H⁺ idkao%Kh  1 ∙10 ^-7 mol dm^-3  la fjs’ tys wvx.=   OH^- idkao%Kh  idkao%Kh lSh o@

1 ∙10 ^-7 mol dm^-3 

4 c,h 1000 g la ;=, we;s c, fu!, .Kk ,shkak

     1000 g $ 18

5 c,fha js>gk m%udKh hkafkka woyia jkafka l=ula o@

c,h fu!, tllska fldmuK fu!, .Kkla whk njg m;ajS we;s o@ hkak

whk fu!, .Kk $ c, fu!, .Kk

6 c,fha js>gk m%udKh fidhkak

H⁺ whk 1 ∙10 ^-7 mol dm^-3  la iEoSug kus thg iudk c, wKq m%udKhla ns|sh hq;+h

tnejska whk fu!, .Kk $ c, fu!, .Kk   = 1 ∙10 ^-7 mol dm^-3  $      1000 g $ 18  =18 ∙10 ^-10

7 c,fha whksl .+Ks;h K_W fijsu i|yd m%ldYKh ,shkak

              K_W = [H⁺] [OH^- ]

8 tys whksl .+Ks;h .Kkh lrkak

K_W = [H⁺] [OH^- ]  =   1 ∙10 ^-7  mol dm^{-3   ∙}       1 ∙10 ^-7  mol dm^-3 =     1 ∙10 ^-14  mol ²dm^-6

9 fi wxYl 25 oS c,fha whksl .+Ks;h    5.6 ∙10 ^-14  mol ²dm^-6 WIaK;ajh jevs jk jsg whksl .+Ks;hg l=ula isoqfjs o@

jevsfjhs

10 c,h 1000 g la ;=, H⁺ idkao%Kh w.h fidhkak

11 H⁺ idkao%Kh b;d l=vd w.hla .ekSu ksid w.h ,sjSfus myiq l%uhla Ndjs; lrhs th flfia y|qkajhs o@ th ,nd .kafka flfia o@

             P_H    w.h

            1  $ log [H⁺]  = P_H

12 0.0001M o%djKhl P_H  w.h  fidhkak

             1 $ log [H⁺]  =   P_H   =  10 ^{– 0 .0000}  / 10 ^{– 4 .0000}  =    10 ^{4 .0000} 

                P_H    w.h  =  4

13 H⁺ whk 5'4∙10 ^{- 9} mol dm^-3  idkao%Kh jk o%djKhl P_H  w.h    fidhkak

   P_H    w.h  =  1 $ log [H⁺]  =     log 1 / 5'4∙10 ^{- 9}   =  10 ^{9 .0000}  / 10 ^{0 .7324} =    10 ^{8 .2676} 

    P_H    w.h  =  8'2676

13 NaOH whk 0'01 mol dm^-3  idkao%Kh jk o%djKhl P_H  w.h    fidhkak

  m<uqj P_oH    w.h  fijsh hq;=h

P_oH    w.h  =  1 $ log [OH⁺]  =     log 1 / 0'01 =  10 ^{9 .0000}  / 10 ^{2 .0000} =    10 ^{2 .0000} 

    P_OH    w.h  =  2

fi wxYl 25 oS c,fha whksl .+Ks;hg idfmalaIj   P_H  w.h   .Kkh l< hq;=h

K_W = [H⁺] [OH^- ]  =   1 ∙10 ^-7  mol dm^{-3   ∙}       1 ∙10 ^-7  mol dm^-3 =     1 ∙10 ^-14  mol ²dm^-6

K_W =   PH+ POH

      =   7  + 7  = 14

 K_W =   PH+ POH

14  =  PH+ 2

PH =12

wus,hla ;=, mj;sk fmdoq ldKavh l=ula o@

H⁺ whk

wdySkshia wus,hla ye|skajQfha ljr f,ig o@

H m%Njhla f,igh

f,dars yd fn%dkaiagvs wus,hla ye|skajQfha ljr f,ig o@ th iuSlrKhla u.ska fmkajkak

fm%dafgdak odhlhla fyda  H⁺ whk odhlhla f,igh

BH            B^-_(aq)  ^- + H⁺ _(aq)    

,qjsia u;hg wkqj wus,hla ye|skajQfha ljr f,ig o@

f,dars yd fn%dkaiagvs NIauhla ye|skajQfha ljr f,ig o@ th iuSlrKhla u.ska fmkajkak

fm%dafgdak m%;s.%yKh lrk fyda  talir bf,lafg%dak  odhlhla f,igh

 B^-_(aq)  ^- + H⁺ _(aq)                BH ⁺

tu ldKavh we;sjkafka l=ula ksido@

  wus,fha   js>gkh jSfus yelshdj  ksidh

14 m%n, wus,hla yd oqn, wus,hla w;r mj;sk js>gkh jSfus yelshdfjs fjki   ,shkak

  js>gkh jSfus yelshdj  iusmq¾Kfhka isoqfjs $isoq fkdfjs

ta ksid ,efnk .=Kdx.hla ,shkak

   c,fha oshjSu  wvqhs $ jevshs

 jsoHd.drfha mj;sk oqn, wus, yd m%n, wus, i|yka  lrkak

                       m%n, wus,         HCl  H₂SO₄  HNO₃ HSO₄^-

                             oqn, wus,           CH₃COOH  H₃PO₄         

wus,hl  js>gk m%udKh fidhd .eksug Wmfhda.S lr .; yelafla  l=ula o@

H⁺ whk  idkao%Khhs

                                               CH₃COOH  +H₂O                    CH₃COO ^– _(aq) +     H₃O⁺ _(aq) 

wdrusNl fu!, m%udKh             1 mol                                0   mol            0 mol

js>gkh m%udKh                       - α                                                    +α                      +α

iu;=,s; wjia:dfjs fu!, .Kk  1 - α                                                     +α                      +α      

wus, idkao%Kh   C kus

iu;=,s; wjia:dfjs fu!, .Kk  C (1 – α)  mol                             C α mol                    C α mol        

by; m%ldYk Wojq lr .ksuska wid we;s m%Yak j,g ms<s;=re ,shkak

wus, fu!,hlska fldmuK m%udKhla ms>gkh fjs oehs fidhd.ekSug l==uk w.hla fidyd.; hq;= o@

298 K ys oS  HSO₄^- whkfha js>gk ksh;h 1 '2 ∙10 ^-2  mol dm^-3   ksh;h fjs 0.1M H₂SO₄ o%djKhl  /.Kkh lrkak