Atomic Ionization energy

whkslrK Yla;sh

1 mrudKqjl lafjdkagus wxlfhka $ n fmkakqus lrkafka l=ula o@

bf,lafg%dak we;=,;a jk m%Odk Yla;s ugsguhs

2 m%Odk Yla;s ugsgu ;joqrg;a Wm Yla;s ugsgus olajd fnos we; tajd y|qkajk ku l=ula o@ Woaos.xY lafjdkagus wxlh $ l 

3  ,s;shus j, wjidk Yla;s ugsgfus bf,lafg%dakh tu lafjdkagus wxl ,shd olajkak

1 s

4 tla tla Wm ugsgus j, mj;sk bf,lafg%dak .Kk lSh o@

  s---  2

  p--- 6

  d--  10

  f— 14

5 tys mj;sk bf,lafg%dak we;=,;a ldlaIslhl m_l mej;sh yels Wmrsu bf,lafg%dak .Kk folls th l=ula f,i kus lrhso@

pqusnl lafjdkagus wxlh 

6 neuqus lafjdkagus wxlh m_s l=ula bosrsm;a lrhs o@

hus ldlaIslhl we;as bf,lafg%dakhl osYdk;sh fmkakqus lrhs

7 mrudKqjl  mj;sk bf,lafg%dak bj;ajsu l=uk kulska y|qkajhs o@

whkSlrKh

8 tjeks  wjia:djla i|yka lrkak

lef;dav lsrK k,fha

9 lef;dav lsrK ksmojSfus os wOsl Yla;shla wjYH jQfha wehs@

whkSlrKh i|yd by< Yla;shla iuyr wjia:d j,os wjYH fjhs’ ta l=ula ksid o@

kHIagsh fj;g wdl¾IKh js we;s bf,lafg%dakhla bj;a lsrsug Yla;sh wjYH fjhs’

10 m<uqjk whkSlrK Yla;sh hkq l=ula o@

jdhquh ;;ajfha we;s mrudKq fu!,hl ,sys,aj ne|S we;s bf,lafg%dak fu!,hla  bj;a lsrSfuka jdhquh tal Ok whk fu!,hla iEoSu i|yd iemhsh hq;= wju Yla;shhs

11 fojk  whkSlrK Yla;sh hkq l=ula o@

jdhquh tal Ok whk fu!,hlska ,sys,aj ne|S we;s bf,lafg%dak fu!,hla  bj;a lsrSfuka jdhquh oajs Ok whk fu!,hla iEoSu i|yd iemhsh hq;= wju Yla;shhs

12 mrudKqjl wrh u; whkslrK Yla;sh ;SrKh fjhs mrudKqjl wrh flfrys n,mdk idOl ,shkak

kHIagsl wdfrdamKh

ksjdrl wdprKh $Yla;s ugsgus .Kk

13 mrudKqjl wrh ;SrKh jkafka l=ula u.ska o@

wjidk Yla;s ugsgfus msysgk ,sys,aj ne|S we;s bf,lafg%dakh fj;g kHIagsh u.ska olajk wdl¾IKfha m%udKh u;

14 wjidk Yla;s ugsgfus msysgk ,sys,aj ne|S we;s bf,lafg%dakh fj;g kHIagsh u.ska olajk wdl¾IKfha m%udKh wvq lsrsug fya;=jk idOlhka fudkjd o@

  Yla;s ugsgus .Kk jevs jSu           

  kHIagsfha  wdfrdamKfha jsYd,;ajh wvq w.hl mej;Su

   

15 kHIagsfha  wdfrdamKfha jsYd,;ajh wvqjsu  wdj¾;s;dfjs ljr osYdjlg isoqfjhs o@

  wdj¾;hl jfus isg ol=Kg hdfus oS

   

16 Yla;s ugsgus .Kk jevs jSu  wdj¾;s;dfjs ljr osYdjlg isoqfjhs o@

       ldKavhl my<g hdfusos

   

17 by; idOl folu fjkiajk wjia:djla ,shkak

       ldKavhl my<g hdfusos

  

18 Yla;s ugsgus .Kk  jevsjSu u.ska ljr n,mEula  we;sfjhs o@

          we;=,; m%Odk ugsgfus bf,lafg%dak msg; m%Odk ugsgfus bf,lafg%dak  jslraIKh

          lsrSfus n,hla $ksjdrl wdprKh ls%hd;aul jSu fya;= fldg f.k

          Yla;s ugsgus .Kk jevsjk jsg ksjdrl wdprKh jevsfjhs' 

          wjidk Yla;s ugsgfus bf,lafg%dak flfrys oefkk wdl¾IKh wvq fjhs

  

19 ,s;shus yd fnrs,shus mrudKq j, Yla;s ugsgus lshla mj;shs o@

           2

  

20 ,s;shus yd fnrs,shus mrudKq j, ksjdrl wdprK w.h  fndfyda oqrg iudk o@ wiudk o@

         fndfyda oqrg iudkhs

  

21 kHIagsl wdfrdamkh jevs jkafka l=ul o@

        fnrs,shus mrudKq

  

22    wjidk Yla;s ugsgfus bf,lafg%dak flfrys oefkk wdl¾IKh jevsjkafka ljrl o@

fnrs,shus mrudKq

23 ,s;shus yd fidavshus mrudKq j, Yla;s ugsgus lshla mj;shs o@

,s;shus mrudKqfjs  --2

fidavshus mrudKq fjs --3

24 ,s;shus yd fidavshus mrudKq j, ksjdrl wdprK w.h  fndfyda oqrg iudk o@ wiudk o@

wiudkhs

25 ksjdrl wdprK w.h  jevs jkafka l=ul o@

fidavshus j,

26 kHIagsl wdfrdamkh jevs jkafka l=ul o@

fidavshus mrudKq fjs  

 27 fidavshus mrudKq fjs  kHIagsl wdfrdamKh jevs jqj;a fidavsshus mrudKqjg jvd  ,s;sshus mrudKq fjs wrh l=vdh

fidavshus mrudKq fjs  bf,lafg%dak ork Yla;s ugsgus .Kk tllska jevs ksid ksjdrl wdprK w.h  jevshs

kHIagsl wdfrdamKh wNsnjd ksjdrl wdprKh ls%hd;aul jSu ksid

 wjidk Yla;s ugsgfus bf,lafg%dak flfrys oefkk wdl¾IKh fidavshus mrudKq fjs 

jevsfjhs

28 fidavshus mrudKq jla tla bf,lafg%dakhla bj;a l< jsg idokafka l=ula o@

fidavshus Ok whkh

29 tys mj;sk Yla;s ugsgus .Kk lSho@ ksjdrl wdprK w.h fjkia fjhs o@ fya;= fokak

         2

ksjdrl wdprK w.h wvqhs Yla;s ugsgus .Kk wvq ksid

30 fidavshus mrudKq yd fidavshus Ok whkh kHIagsl wdfrdamK tlu jqj;a fidavshus Ok whkfha wrh b;d l=vdh ( fojk wdj¾;fha ,s;shus yd fnrs,shus mrudKq w;r wrhla ,nd .kshs &ta ukao@

fidavshus Ok whkh wrh  0.95 A⁰

fidavshus mrudKqj wrh  1.54 A⁰

 m%Odk Yla;s ugsgula wvqjsu ksid

fidavshus Ok whkfha whkfha fm%dafgdak .Kkg jvd bf,lafg%dak .Kk tllska wvq ksid Ok jsoHq;a lafIa;%hla we;s jSu fya;=fjka bf,lafg%dak j,dfjs yels,sula o we;sfjhs

31  fojk bf,lafg%dakh bj;a  lsrsug wjYH Yla;sh m<uq bf,lafg%dakh bj;a  lsrsug wjYH Yla;shg jvd mia .=Khlska muK by< fjs

jsoHq;a lafIa;%hla we;s jSu fya;=fjka

wrh wvq jSu ksid;a msg; m%Odk ugsgfus bf,lafg%dak flfrys oefkk wdl¾IKh jevs jS

we;=,; m%Odk ugsgulska bf,lafg%dakhla bj;a lsrsug wjYH Yla;sh msg; m%Odk ugsgulska bf,lafg%dakhla bj;a lsrsug wjYH Yla;shg jvd mia .=Khlska muK by< fjs

32 ;=kajk bf,lafg%dakh bj;a  lsrsug wjYH Yla;sh fldmuK .=Khl jsYd,;ajhla fmkajkq we;a o@

ta l=ula ksid o@

fo.=Khlg wdikak jsYd,;ajhla

fojk yd ;=kajk bf,lafg%dak tlu m%Odk ugsgfus mj;shs tu ksid  ;=kajk bf,lafg%dakh bj;a  lsrsug wvq Yla;shla wjYH fjhs

33 uQ, o%jHhl wkqhd; whkSlrK Yla;s w.hhka lsysmhla  fuys olajd we; tu mrudKq j, msg; m%Odk ugsgfus bf,lafg%dak .Kk i|yka lrkak

tall KJ mol^-1 j,ska

  E -- 494 , 4560 ,  6940,   9540 ,  13400 , 16600

  A – 577, 1820  ,  2740  , 11600  ,14800 ,18400

     E --       tlhs

=     A --      ;=khs

34 jvd ia:dhS  jkafka    fidavshus mrudKqj o@   fidavshus Ok whkh o@

fidavshus Ok whkh

35 ta l=ula ksid o@

tys wjidk m%Odk ugsgfus  ord .; yels Wmrsu bf,lafg%dak .Kkla mj;sk ksid

36 laf,darSka mrudKq yd laf,darhsvs  whkh kHIagsl wdfrdamK tlu jqj;a laf,darhsvs  whkfha wrh b;d by<h  tu wdj¾;fha wd.ka mrudKqjg jvd wrh jsYd, fjhs ta ukao@

laf,darSka mrudKqj wrh  0.99 A⁰

laf,darhsvs  whkh wrh  1.81 A⁰

laf,darhsvs  whkfha fm%dafgdak .Kkg jvd bf,lafg%dak .Kk tllska jevs ksid iDK jsoHq;a lafIa;%hla we;s jSu fya;=fjka bf,lafg%dak j,dfjs jsisrsula  we;sfjhs tu ksid wrh jsYd, fjhs

37 jvd ia:dhS  jkafka   laf,darSka mrudKqj o@   laf,darhsvs  whkfha o@

laf,darSka mrudKq

38 ta l=ula ksid o@

tys wjidk m%Odk ugsgfus  ord .; yels Wmrsu bf,lafg%dak .Kkla mj;sk ksid